A job is what a person does to earn money for a living.
| Types of jobs | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Permanent job | This is a type of job where an employee is hired for an indefinite period. |
| Temporary job | In this type of job, employees are hired for a specific period, which could be a few days, weeks, or months. This is common for seasonal work, such as holiday retail jobs. |
| Contract job | This is similar to a temporary job, but it typically involves a specific project or task with a defined end date. |
| Part-time job | This type of job involves fewer hours per week than a full-time job. Part-time jobs often offer flexibility and are popular among students, parents with young children, and retirees. |
| Full-time job | This is a job where an employee works a minimum number of hours defined as such by their employer. In most cases, full-time jobs are at least 35 to 40 hours per week. |
| Freelance job | Freelancers are self-employed individuals who offer their services to clients. They often work on multiple projects at once and have a high degree of flexibility in their schedules. |
| Internship | This is a type of temporary job, often part-time, that is typically held by students or young professionals looking to gain experience in a particular field. |
| Casual job | This type of job has no guaranteed hours of work. The employee often works on an as-needed basis. |
| Shift work | This type of job requires employees to work during different parts of the day or night, often in rotation with other employees. |
| Remote job | In this type of job, employees can work from anywhere, typically using technology to complete their tasks and communicate with their team. |
There are different expressions to talk about professions and job situations in English.
Here are some common adjectives that can be used to describe job status or professional situations.
| Status | Definition |
|---|---|
| Employed | When you are employed, it means you have a job. He is employed as a software engineer at a local company. |
| Unemployed | Being unemployed means you don’t have a job. After the factory closed, many workers became unemployed. |
| Self-employed | If you are self-employed, you work for yourself instead of a company or someone else. She is self-employed and runs her own graphic design business. |
| Underemployed | When you are underemployed, you do not have enough work to do or you have a job that does not match all the skills you have learned. Despite having a degree in literature, he’s underemployed, working part-time at a bookstore. |
| Retired | You are retired when you have stopped working, usually due to old age. My parents are retired and spend their time travelling. |
| Voluntary | When you do voluntary work, you do it willingly without receiving anything in return. He does voluntary work at the local food bank. |
| Jobless | Not having a job. The economic downturn left many people jobless. |
| Out of work | Currently not employed. He’s been out of work since the restaurant closed. |
| Salaried | Receiving a fixed amount of money regularly as payment for work. She is a salaried employee in a nearby factory. |
| Hourly | Hourly workers get paid for each hour of work. He’s an hourly worker and gets paid overtime if he works more than 40 hours in a week. |
| Involuntary part-time | Working fewer hours than desired due to the unavailability of full-time work. Despite wanting full-time work, she’s been stuck in an involuntary part-time job. |
| Displaced | Removed from a job, usually due to changes in the industry or economy. The displaced workers were given severance packages and help to find new jobs. |
| Hired | Selected by an employer to do a job, usually through an interview process. She was hired as a project manager at a construction company. |
| Fired | Dismissed from a job by an employer. He was fired from his job for consistently being late. |
| Laid off | When you are laid off, you are stopped from being employed, often because of company cutbacks. The company had to lay off several employees due to budget cuts. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dismiss | To dismiss someone from a job means to let them go because of certain reasons. The company had to dismiss several employees due to budget cuts. |
| Application | An application is a formal request, often in writing, for something such as a job or course of study. She sent her application for the job last week. |
| Employer | An employer is a person or organisation that hires people to do work. The employer decided to give everyone a raise. |
| Resign | To resign means to voluntarily leave a job or position. He decided to resign from his position as manager. |
| Sick leave | Sick leave is time off given by the company to allow employees to recover from an illness. She took a week of sick leave to recover from the flu. |
| Intern | An intern is a student or trainee who works, sometimes without pay, in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification. Jane is working as an intern at a local law firm this summer. |
| Fire | To fire someone means to dismiss them from their job, often due to unsatisfactory performance. After repeated warnings, the manager had no choice but to fire him. |
| Personnel officer | A personnel officer is a person who manages issues related to employees in an organisation, such as hiring, training, and administration. The personnel officer is responsible for hiring new staff members. |
| Recruit | To recruit means to find suitable people and get them to join a company, an organisation, the armed forces, etc. The army is trying to recruit more young people. |
| Salary | A salary is the amount of money that an employee is paid each year for their job. She earns a good salary as an engineer. |
| Redundant | Being redundant means losing your job because your employer no longer needs the work you do. Many factory workers became redundant after the new automation technology was introduced. |
| Personnel | Personnel refers to the people who are employed in an organisation or business. The personnel department manages all issues related to staff. |
| Promoted | Being promoted means moving to a higher level or position in your job. After working hard for two years, he was promoted to a managerial role. |
| Redundancy pay | Redundancy pay is money that a company must pay to an employee who is made redundant. He received generous redundancy pay after being laid off. |
| Shiftwork | Shiftwork is a system of employment where an individual's work period is less than 24 hours and workers are scheduled to work at different times. Nurses often have to do shiftwork, working at different times of the day or night. |
| Bonus | A bonus is an extra amount of money that is given to an employee, in addition to their normal salary. She received a bonus at the end of the year for her outstanding performance. |
| Curriculum vitae | A curriculum vitae (CV) is a written summary of one's education, work experience, and other qualifications. It is often used when applying for jobs. He sent his curriculum vitae to several companies in hopes of finding a job. |
| Prospects | Prospects refer to the possibilities of future success in a job or career. The prospects for advancement in this company are very good. |
| Retire | To retire means to stop working permanently, usually because of old age. My father plans to retire next year when he turns 65. |
| Assessment | An assessment is a process of making a judgement or forming an opinion about something or someone, usually in the workplace to evaluate job performance. The manager will do an assessment of every employee's performance at the end of the year. |
| Notice | A notice is a formal declaration from an employee informing an employer that they will quit their job after a certain period of time. He handed in his two weeks' notice and decided to look for another job. |
| Background | In the context of jobs, a background refers to a person's experience, qualifications, and education. She has a strong background in marketing which makes her suitable for this role. |
| Full-time | A full-time job is a job that requires working the full number of hours considered normal or standard by the employer, typically 40 hours per week. She works full-time as a nurse in a local hospital. |
| Apprenticeship | An apprenticeship is a system where a person learns a job by working for a person in a specific field. He started his career with an apprenticeship in carpentry. |
| Flexitime | Flexitime is a system of work that allows employees to choose, within certain limits, the hours for starting and leaving work. Many employees appreciate the flexitime system as it helps balance their work and personal life. |
| Employee | An employee is a person who is hired to work for another person or business in exchange for compensation. As an employee, she is entitled to certain benefits such as health insurance and paid time off. |
| Apprentice | An apprentice is a person who works for an employer in a skilled job for a fixed period in order to learn the particular skills needed in their job. She's an apprentice carpenter with a local construction company. |
| Skeleton staff | Skeleton staff means the smallest number of people needed for a business or organisation to operate effectively. The store will be operated by a skeleton staff on public holidays. |
| Overtime | Overtime refers to time worked beyond the regular hours. He often works overtime to meet project deadlines. |
| Interview | An interview is a formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out if they are suitable for a job or a course of study. He has an interview for a new job tomorrow. |
| Internship | An internship is a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment. She did an internship at a law firm over the summer. |
| Maternity leave | Maternity leave is a period of time that a mother takes off from work following the birth of her baby. She's on maternity leave until the end of the summer. |
| Staff | Staff refers to all the people who work for a particular company or organisation. The staff are very friendly and helpful at the hotel. |
| Hire | To hire means to give work or a job to someone in exchange for wages or a salary. The company is planning to hire 50 new employees this year. |
| Payslip | A payslip is a piece of paper given to an employee to show how much they have earned and any deductions like taxes and insurance. He checked his payslip to see the amount of tax deducted. |
| Fringe benefits | Fringe benefits are extra benefits supplementing an employee's salary, for example, a company car, health insurance, etc. His fringe benefits include health insurance and a company car. |
